Effect of glaze technology on adhesive and mechanical properties of Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal ceramic / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Any surface treatments should Improve the bond strength of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zlrconia polycrystal ceramics without damaging the original strength. Currently, there is no Information about the influence of glaze technology on the bond strength of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zlrconia polycrystal ceramics, and its Influence on the material strength Is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of glaze technology on the mechanical behavior of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zlrconia polycrystal ceramics and on the bond strength with resin cements. METHODS: Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zlrconia polycrystal ceramics specimens were prepared and randomly divided into four groups: group A: the surface was not treated; group B: sandblasting with 110 urn Al203 particles; group C: glaze + hydrofluoric acid etching; group D: glaze + hydrofluoric acid etching + sllanlzation. The surface morphology, surface roughness, phase transformation, elemental composition, shear bond strength and flexural strength of zlrconia specimens after surface treatments were tested. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The surface roughness of treatment groups increased obviously, whose descending order was group C (0.62±0.01) um > group D (0.55±0.02) um > group B (0.11±0.02) um > group A (0.05±0.01) urn (p 0.05). (6) The effect of glaze technology on improving the flexural strength of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal ceramics is not as obvious as that of sandblasting, but the bond strength between tetragonal zirconia polycrystal ceramics and resin cements can be significantly Improved with hydrofluoric acid etching and silanization after glaze.

Bond and topography evaluation of a Y-TZP ceramic with a superficial low-fusing porcelain glass layer after different hydrofluoric acid etching protocols / Avaliação da adesão e topografia de uma zircônia Y-TZP com uma camada de glaze após diferentes protocolos de condicionamento com ácido fluorídrico

Introduction: Despite being one of the most studied ceramics today, zirconia still does not have a well-defined adhesion protocol. Objective: Evaluate the influence of different etching times and hydrofluoric acid (HF) concentrations on the zirconia surface and bond strength between a vitrified Y-TZP ceramic and a resin cement. Materials and method: The zirconia surface treatments were: sandblasting with silica-coated alumina (Co); glaze application + 5% HF etching for 5s (G5-5s), 10s (G5-10s) or 20s (G5-20s); glaze application + 10% HF etching for 5s (G10-5s), 10 (G10-10s) or 20s (G10-20s) . Then, cement cylinders (3.3 × 3.3 mm) were built up for shear bond test on all specimens. The specimens were subjected to 6000 thermal cycling before the test. Fractures were analyzed by stereomicroscope. Data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn statistical tests (5%). Extra samples of each group were made to obtain profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Result: Zirconia-cement bond strength was affected by the ceramic surface treatments (p = 0.001). G10-5s (2.71 MPa) recorded the highest bond strength values, followed by the Co (2.05 MPa) while G5 groups had the lowest bond value. Adhesive failure of the samples predominated. The image analysis revealed G5 groups seem to have a lower roughness when compared to groups treated by 10% HF. The creation of pores in the low-fusing porcelain glass layer surface occurred only when 10% HF was used. Conclusion: The low-fusing porcelain glass layer application was able to overcome the sandblasting and obtain a greater adhesive bond to the resinous cement, however, only when 10% HF was used for an interval of 5 seconds.

Introdução: Apesar de ser uma das cerâmicas mais estudadas atualmente, a zircônia ainda não possui um protocolo bem definido para uma cimentação adesiva. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência de diferentes tempos de condicionamento e concentrações do ácido fluorídrico (AF) na superfície da zirconia e na resistência de união entre uma cerâmica Y-TZP vitrificada e um cimento resinoso. Material e método: Os tratamentos de superfície foram: jateamento com óxido de alumínio revestido com sílica (Co); aplicação de glaze + condicionamento com AF 5% por 5s (G5-5s), 10s (G5-10s) ou 20s (G5-20s); aplicação de glaze + condicionamento com AF 10% por 5s (G10-5s), 10 (G10-10s) ou 20s (G10-20s). Em seguida, cilindros de cimento (3,3 × 3,3mm) para teste de cisalhamento foram feitos em todos os espécimes. Os espécimes foram submetidos a 6000 ciclos térmicos antes do teste de adesão. As fraturas foram analisadas por estereomicroscópio. Os dados foram analisados ​​estatisticamente por Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn (5%). Amostras extra de cada grupo foram feitas para realização de perfilometria e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Resultado: A resistência de união zircônia-cimento foi afetada pelos tratamentos de superfície (p = 0,001). Os grupos G10-5s (2,71 MPa) registraram os maiores valores de resistência de união, seguidos pelos Co (2,05 MPa), enquanto os grupos G5 apresentaram o menor valor de união. Falhas adesivas foram predominantes. As análises por imagem revelaram que os grupos G5 parecem ser menos rugosos quando comparados aos grupos tratados com AF 10%. A criação de poros na superfície vítrea (glaze) ocorreu apenas quando foi utilizado AF 10%. Conclusão: A aplicação de camada de vidro de porcelana de baixa fusão foi capaz de superar o jateamento e obter uma maior adesão adesiva ao cimento resinoso, no entanto, somente quando foi utilizado 10% de HF por um intervalo de 5 segundos.

A aplicação de um glaze na superfície de cimentação melhora a adesão da zircônia ao cimento resinoso? / Does the application of a glaze layer in the intaglio surface improve the adhesion between zirconia and resin cement?

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes tratamentos de superfície na resistência adesiva entre a interface zircônia/cimento resinoso. Blocos de zircônia (12 x 11,6 x 1,2 mm) foram divididos em cinco grupos (n=10) e classificados conforme o tratamento de superfície. Nas amostras em que a superfície não foi jateada, os filmes de glaze foram avaliados em função do condicionamento ou não das amostras com ácido fluorídrico (HF). No jateamento das superfícies das cerâmicas foram utilizadas microesferas de alumina, com e sem revestimento de sílica, e avaliada a influência dos tratamentos na resistência adesiva entre a superfície da cerâmica e o cimento resinoso. No teste de resistência de união, as amostras com glaze condicionado e com jateamento (alumina + sílica) apresentaram resultados superiores em relação às amostras não jateadas. As falhas foram classificadas em adesiva, mista e coesiva com a ajuda de um estereomicroscópio. A caracterização das superfícies foi avaliada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura e espectroscopia de energia dispersiva. A espessura dos filmes glaze, obtida pela micrografi a da secção transversal das amostras, apresentou espessuras semelhantes independentemente do tratamento. Os tratamentos de superfície da zircônia com glaze condicionado (com e sem secagem) e jateamento (alumina + sílica) obtiveram os melhores resultados de resistência de união.

This work aimed to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on bond strength at the zirconia/resin cement interface. Zirconia blocks (12 x 11.6 x 1.2 mm) were divided into five groups (n=10) and classified according to the surface treatment. In the samples wherein the surface glaze has not been sandblasted the films were assessed for conditioning or not the samples with hydrofluoric acid (HF). Alumina microespheres with and without silica coating were used to blast the surfaces, and also to study the effect of treatments on bond strength between the ceramic surface and the resin cement. In the bond strength test samples with conditioning glaze and sandblasting (alumina + silica) showed higher scores than the non-blasted samples. The flaws were classified as adhesive, cohesive and mixed with the aid of a stereomicroscope. Surface characterization was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The thickness of the glaze film obtained by the micrograph of the cross section of the samples showed similar thicknesses regardless of treatment applied. The zirconia surface treatments with conditioning glaze (with and without drying) and sandblasting (alumina + silica) generated the best bond strength results.

Translucency of ceramic veneers on glazing effect / 대한치과보철학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the translucency of two different laminate ceramic veneers with and without glazing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten millimeter side square-shaped specimens in 0.3 mm and 0.6 mm thick were fabricated for the following materials with and without glazing (n=80): A1 shade IPS e.maxPress (IEM) and Styleveneers (STV). The color coordinates (CIE L* a* b*) of the specimens were measured with a colorimeter. The Translucency parameter (TP) was calculated from the color difference of the material on a black versus a white background. For comparisons between materials and between the' not glazed'and' glazed'groups, unpaired t-test was used to analyze the data (P=.05). RESULTS: The TP (Mean +/- SD) of' not-glazed'and' glazed'group of IEM specimens at 0.3 mm thickness were 45.99 +/- 3.00 and 49.53 +/- 2.28 and the TP at 0.6 mm thickness were 32.82 +/- 2.59 and 43.02+/-0.98, respectively. Likewise, the TP of' not-glazed'and' glazed'group of STV specimens at 0.3 mm thickness were 47.03 +/- 3.65 and 50.95 +/- 3.05 and the TP at 0.6 mm thickness group were 34.48 +/- 1.28 and 43.39 +/- 1.20, respectively. As the glazing of ceramic veneer differed, the TP of each ceramic veneer showed statistically significant difference. But, the result between the products was not statistically different. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, we are concluded that the glazing process changed translucency of laminate ceramic veneers and the TP would not be affected by products.

Caracterização de uma cerâmica 3Y-TZP e avaliação do efeito de tratamentos de superfície na adesão da cerâmica ao glaze ou cimento resinoso / Characterization of a 3-YTZP ceramic and evaluation of the surface treatment on the adhesion of ceramic and glaze or resin cement

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os parâmetros de adesão entre glaze e full-contour zirconia (FCZ) e FCZ glazeada e cimento resinoso. Zircônia e glaze tiveram as suas propriedades caracterizadas. Amostras de FCZ foram divididas em 5 grupos: (GL) aplicação de glaze; (AL+GL) jateamento com óxido de alumínio + glaze; (CJ+GL) partículas de óxido de alumínio modificada por sílica(Cojet®) + glaze; (SP+GL) tratamento químico com solução piranha + glaze; (CJ) Cojet. Microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e de força atômica (MFA) foram realizadas para avaliar a topografia das amostras. Scratch test foi realizado para avaliar o tipo de união entre zircônia e glaze após os diferentes tratamentos [(GL), (AL), (CJ) e (SP). Durante a cimentação, os grupos glazeados [(GL), (AL+GL), (CJ+GL) e (SP+GL)] foram tratados com ácido fluorídrico (HF) e silano; e o grupo não glazeado (CJ) apenas com silano. O cimento resinoso foi unido à zircônia utilizando um dispositivo específico para o teste de cisalhamento (SBS). Para a realização do teste SBS, metade dos espécimes de cada tratamento foi ensaiada 24 h após a cimentação e a outra metade foi envelhecida (armazenagem e termociclagem). Para a avaliação da retenção, foram confeccionados coroas FCZ e preparos para coroa total em substrato deresina epóxica (G10) (simulando um dente). Os grupos que receberam tratamento na superfície interna da coroa [(GL), (CJ+GL), (SP+GL) e (CJ)] foram cimentados com cimento resinoso sem MDP (Multilink Automix, 3M). O grupo que não recebeu tratamento na superfície interna (PF) foi cimentado utilizando um cimento resinoso contendo MDP (Panavia F, Kuraray). Os dados de adesão foram analisados estatisticamente (ANOVA e Tukey test). A full-contour zirconia apresentou alta densidade, microestrutura homogênea e propriedades mecânicas comparáveis à zircônia tradicional. O glaze correspondente apresentou picos coincidentes com à fase leucita (DRX) com morfologia irregular em formato e tamanho. ...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adhesive parameters between glaze and full-contour zirconia (FCZ) and overglazed FCZ and resin cement. Zirconia and glaze were tested to determined theirs properties. FCZ samples were divided into 5 groups: (GL) glaze application; (AL+GL)sandblasting with aluminum oxide + glaze; (CJ+GL) tribochemical silica coating (Cojet®) + glaze; (SP+GL) chemical surface treatment with piranha solution+glaze; (CJ) Cojet. Electron scanning microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (MFA) were performed to evaluate the FCZ topography.Scratch test was executed to evaluate the bonding between FCZ and glazeafter the different surface pretreatment. For the bonding procedures the glazed groups [(GL), (AL+GL), (CJ+GL) and (SP+GL)] were etched with hydrofluoric acid (HF) and treated with a silane coupling agent and the group without glaze (CJ) was treated only with a silane. The resin cement was bonded to the zirconia surface using a dedicated device for the shear test(SBS). For the SBS test, half of the samples were tested after 24 h and theother half after storage and thermocycling. To evaluate the tensile retention of FCZ crowns cemented on epoxy resin (G10) specimens simulating fullcontour crowns were made. Pretreated groups [(GL), (CJ+GL), (SP+GL) and (CJ)] were bonded with a resin cement without MDP (Multilink Automix, 3M). The group without surface pretreatment (PF) was bonded with a MDP-based resin cement (Panavia F, Kuraray). The adhesive data were statistically analysed (ANOVA e Tukey test). FCZ showed high density, homogeneous microstructure and mechanical properties similar to the traditional zirconia. FCZ glaze was characterized as a leucite with irregular shape and size morphology. The scratch test pattern was similar for all the evaluated groups and classified as a cohesive failure of the glaze. The shear data suggested that the chemicall treatment, before the glaze application, did not improve the bonding ...

Caracterização mecânica e tribológica de dois glazeadores disponíveis comercialmente e uma composição experimental / Caracterization mechanical and tribological of two commercially available glazes and one experimental composition

O objetivo desse estudo, in vitro, foi avaliar através de testes mecânicos e tribológicos, a aplicação de dois glazeadores disponíveis comercialmente e uma composição experimental como material de cobertura em restaurações de resina composta com relação à rugosidade superficial, à dureza e à resistência ao desgaste. Foram confeccionados 24 corpos de prova (CP) do compósito Z350XT (3M/ESPE) e divididos em 4 grupos. O grupo controle (GC) não recebeu selamento, o grupo Biscover LV (GB) recebeu aplicação do Biscover LV (Bisco), o grupo Natural Glaze (GN) recebeu aplicação do Natural Glaze (Nova DFL) e o grupo Experimental (GE) recebeu aplicação de um glazeador experimental contendo nanopartículas (1% em peso). Posteriormente, os CP foram submetidos à análise da rugosidade superficial utilizando um perfilômetro e avaliação da dureza através de um nanoindentador, que fornece também o módulo elástico do material. Em seguida, os CP foram submetidos ao teste de desgaste linear alternado, durante 15.000 ciclos, com carga de 5N, em água destilada. A profundidade máxima de desgaste foi avaliada através de um perfilômetro. A análise dos dados relativos à rugosidade superficial (µm) foi realizada utilizando ANOVA/Duncan (p-valor = 0,000). As médias e desvio padrão foram: GC-0,12(0,01); GB-0,06(0,01); GN-0,13(0,02); GE-0,13(0,01). A análise da dureza (GPa) e módulo elástico (GPa) foram avaliados aplicando o teste não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis. As médias e desvio padrão para dureza foram: GC-1,10(0,24); GB-0,31(0,004); GN-0,08(0,004); GE-0,12(0,008) para carga de 1,25mN; GC-1,08(0,139); GB-0,32(0,004); GN-0,08(0,003); GE-0,13(0,006) para carga de 2,5mN; GC-1,10(0,101); GB-0,33(0,003); GN-0,09(0,002); GE-0,13(0,056) para carga de 5,0mN. As médias e desvio padrão para módulo elástico foram: GC-17,71(1,666); GB-5,44(0,084); GN-3,484(0,114); GE-4,55(0,178) para carga de 1,25mN; GC-17,5(1,449); GB-5,18(0,065); GN-3,38(0,078); GE-4,55(0,12) para carga de 2,5mN; GC-17,69(1,793); GB-5,04(0,041); GN-3,63(0,066); GE-4,85(0,104) para carga de 5,0mN. A análise dos dados relativos à profundidade de desgaste (µm) foi realizada utilizando ANOVA/Dunnett (p-valor = 0,000). As médias e desvio padrão foram: GC-12,51(0,89); GB-0,59(0,07); GN-1,41(0,12); GE-1,84(0,18). A partir dos resultados apresentados pode-se concluir que apenas o Biscover LV foi capaz de reduzir a rugosidade superficial da resina composta testada. Os demais, Natural Glaze e Experimental, não alteraram a rugosidade superficial e foram estatisticamente semelhantes entre si e com o grupo controle. Todos os glazeadores testados reduziram a dureza e o módulo elástico da resina composta quando comparados com o grupo controle, diferindo entre si, apresentando uma ordem crescente de dureza e módulo elástico (Natural Glaze < Experimental < Biscover < Controle). Todos os glazeadores testados foram capazes de reduzir o desgaste da resina composta, quando comparados com o grupo controle, diferindo entre si, apresentado uma ordem crescente de desgaste (Biscover < Natural Glaze < Experimental < Controle).

The aim of this in vitro study was to assess through mechanical and tribological tests the application of two commercially available glazes and one experimental composition as coverage material in composite resin restorations regarding the surface roughness, hardness and wear resistance. Twenty-four specimens of Z350XT composite (3M/ESPE) were made and distributed into four groups. The control group (CG) did not receive any sealing, the Biscover LV group (BG) received application of the Natural Glaze (Nova DFL) and the Experimental group (EG) received application of an experimental glaze containing nanoparticles (1% weight). Subsequently, the specimens were subjected to analysis of surface roughness using a profilemeter and hardness assessment through a nanoindenter, which also provides the elastic modulus of the material. Then, the specimens were subjected to alternated linear wear test during 15,000 cycles with load of 5N in distilled water. The maximum wear depth was assessed by a profilemeter. The data analysis for the surface roughness (in µm) was performed using the ANOVA/Duncan test (p-value = .000). The mean and standard deviation values were: CG, 0.12 (0.01); BG, 0.06 (0.01); NG, 0.13 (0.02); EG, 0.13 (0.01). The hardness analysis (GPa) and elastic modulus (GPa) were assessed by applying the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. The mean and standard deviation values for the hardness were: CG, 0.10 (0.24); BG, 0.31(0.004); NG, 0.08(0.004); EG, 0.12 (0.008), for load of 1.25 mN; CG,1.08 (0.139); BG, 0.32 (0.004); NG, 0.08 (0.003); EG, 0.13 (0.006) for load of 2.5 mN; CG, 1.10 (0.101); BG, 0.33 (0.003); NG, 0.09 (0.002); EG, 0.13 (0.056), for load of 5.0 mN. The mean and standard deviation values for the elastic modulus were: CG, 17.71 (1.666); BG, 44 (0.084); NG, 3.484 (0.114); EG, 4.55 (0.178) for load of 1.25 mN; CG, 17.5 (1.449); BG, 5.18 (0.065); NG, 3.38 (0.078); EG, 4.55 (0.12) for load of 2.5 mN; CG, 17.69 (1.793); BG, 5.04 (0.041); NG, 3.63 (0.066); EG, 4.85 (0.104) for load of 5.0 mN. The data analysis for the wear depth (µm) was performed usingn ANOVA/Dunnett tests (p-value = .000). The mean and standard deviation values were: CG, 12.51 (0.89); BG, 0.59 (0.07); NG, 1.41 (0.12); EG, 1.84 (0.18). From the showed outcomes may be concluded that only the Biscover LV could reduce the surface roughness of the tested composite resin. The remainder, Natural Glaze and Experimental, did not change the surface roughness and were statistically similar among themselves and to the control group. All tested glazes reduced the hardness and elastic modulus of composite resin when compared with the control group, differing among themselves, showing an ascending order of hardness and elastic modulus (NaturalGlaze < Experimental < Biscover < Control). All tested glazes could reduce the wear of the composite resin, when compared with the control group, differing among themselves, showing an ascending order of wear (Biscover < NaturalGlaze < Experimental < Control).

Effects of different surface roughness prior to overglazing on final surface texture of glazed ceramic / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To evaluate the influence of different surface roughness on final surface texture of glazed ceramic. Methods Sixty porcelain discs were fabricated and randomly divided into five groups (n=12), which were sequentially grounded with water-cooled sandpapers of decreasing abrasiveness (220# , 400# , 600# , 800# and 1200# grit), and then all the specimens were glazed. Before and after glazing, the surface roughness (Ra) μm of the same specimens were evaluated quantitatively with profilometer and qualitatively using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results The smoothest surfaces were obtained with 1 200# sandpapers griting prior to overglazing (Ra =0. 19 μm),and 220# sandpapers griting prior to overglazing displayed the roughest surfaces (Ra =0. 55 μm) ; each group displayed significant difference before and after glazing (P < 0. 05). The images obtained through SEM were consistent with the profilometer readings. Conclusions The results suggest that decreasing the surface roughness of dental ceramic prior to glazing is of great importance in order to obtain the smoothest surface after glazing.

Effect of polish and self-glaze on surface roughness of dental porcelain / 实用口腔医学杂志

0.05). The correlation was found between SEM and profilometer results. Conclusion: Polishing and glazing may produce similar surface roughness of porcelain.